摘要或動機

The main purpose of this study is to explore whether fruit flies (Drosophila melanogasters which background is 2U) can distinguish and memorize different colors and smells by learning. Futhermore, to find out the relation between age and learning ability, and analyze the influence of repeated training on how long the memory would last. According to our experiment, in smell training, the fruit flies are able to distinguish and memorize different smells, and young fruit flies have better memory than old flies. In color training, the fruit flies can distinguish and memorize different colors, but the effect was less than that of smell training. In intensive learning, proper times of learning increased the memory ability, but excessive learning exhibited an opposite effect. In the labyrinth experiment, we select and nurture the fruit flies having the best color memory in order to further understand the gene correlated with the memory learning. In addition, in one-time training, fruit flies are able to remember the smells and colors in four minutes, and young ones have the better ability. In six-time training, fruit flies have the ability to remember the smells and colors in twelve minutes. In the end, we hope you can know more about the learning and memory ability of fruit flies through our report. 本實驗主要探討果蠅是否可經由學習分辨、記憶顏色與氣味，並探討年齡與學習能力的相關性、分析多次訓練對記憶時間的影響。由實驗結果得知，氣味方面，果蠅有辨識記憶氣味的能力，以年輕果蠅的效果較佳；顏色訓練方面，果蠅亦可分辨記憶顏色；密集學習方面，適當學習次數內，有助於增加果蠅的記憶能力，但過度的學習刺激會降低學習效果。並且，我們選顏色訓練中記憶較佳的一組進行迷宮實驗，經三次的岔路選擇，選出對顏色記憶最佳的果蠅，希望能探討訓練過的果蠅子代能否有較優良的記憶。至於記憶時間方面，一次氣味學習，果蠅在四分鐘內皆有記憶，且年輕果蠅記憶效果較強，達六分鐘；另外，多次氣味學習，果蠅於第四次訓練效果最佳，且記憶能力可達十二分鐘。希望藉本實驗報告，以期更瞭解果蠅學習與記憶的資料。